National Institute of Technology Rourkela

राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान राउरकेला

ଜାତୀୟ ପ୍ରଯୁକ୍ତି ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାନ ରାଉରକେଲା

An Institute of National Importance

Seminar Details

Seminar Title:
Role of frictional heterogeneities on Megathrust earthquakes and slow slip events interaction
Seminar Type:
Progress Seminar
Department:
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
Speaker Name:
Sayak Ray ( Rollno : 521er1005)
Speaker Type:
Student
Venue:
ER 303
Date and Time:
25 Sep 2024 04:15 pm
Contact:
Prof. Bhaskar Kundu
Abstract:

Subducting seamounts ridges and other frictional heterogeneities are recognized as the key features influencing megathrust earthquakes and aseismic slip in the subduction zone. Whether these frictional heterogeneities promote seismicity as asperities or arrest the rupture propagation as seismic barriers remains a key area of debate. While the terms asperity and barrier have gained considerable recognition, the influence of antiasperities as frictional heterogeneities lacks attention and clear understanding. Few studies have shown that they behave aseismically, delay the rupture propagation and are characterized by a lower prestress level.  Here, we use analog models to study the influence of antiasperities on seismicity, primarily by using them as low coupling zones that promote smaller earthquakes and aseismic behaviour. Three different model configurations have been developed (i.e., single circular, multiple circular and linear antiasperities). The loading velocity has been kept constant at 2µm/s. For single circular antiasperity experiments, the influence of its area is significant as stick slip events increase in number with more frequent smaller events (smaller stress drops) that eventually transition to aseismic slip beyond antiasperity to rupture area percentage of 11%. The influence of geometry and distribution of antiasperities is prominent in the multiple single circular antiasperity experiments. In this case, the linear arrangement shows a good mixture of stick slips and aseismic slips for loading velocity perpendicular to the linear geometry. In contrast, the experiments with loading velocity parallel to it show a dominant aseismic response with rare stick slips. Only aseismic slip is observed for the evenly distributed and randomly distributed antiasperity experiments. Although the area influence in evenly distributed antiasperity experiment is similar to that of the circular closely spaced multiple antiasperity experiment, the latter contains more stick slips than aseismic slips, confirming the influence of geometry and the distribution of antiasperity. In our models, the overall influence of antiasperities is that it reduces recurrence time, coupling and fault strength. Our quasi-dynamic simulation results for a synthetic fault patch and Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone indicate that a velocity strengthening zone (VS) (bounded by velocity weakening, VW zones on either side) can act as a permanent barrier to rupture propagation when the VS/rupture area percentage is around 38-42%. This result is well complemented by the laboratory experiment results where the influence of antiasperity (VS patch) length is observed to be around 38% in order to arrest stick-slip events within the area. Therefore, from laboratory experiments and Quasidynamic simulation, we conclude that the role of antiasperity or velocity strengthening patch on earthquake triggering processes depends upon its area, geometry with respect to the plate velocity and distribution over the fault surface.