Graphene oxide (GO), a novel carbon-based nanomaterial, has recently garnered significant attention in the engineering industry due to its remarkable properties and performance. Compared to other graphene-based derivatives, GO is particularly popular because of its excellent dispersibility in aqueous solutions, attributed to the presence of oxygen functional groups. Current research focuses on the application of GO in mortar and concrete, with dosages ranging from 0% to 0.1% by weight of cement (bwoc) in mortar, and 0% to 0.07% bwoc in concrete, alongside the addition of red mud (RM) at 10% and 15% in mortar and 10% in concrete. Results indicate that incorporating 0.1% GO in mortar increases the 28-day compressive strength by 73% and 47% with 10% and 15% RM replacement, respectively. In concrete, the addition of 0.07% GO with 10% RM replacement enhances compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths by 25%, 35%, and 33%, respectively. Moreover, the mix with 10% RM and 0.07% GO demonstrates a better economy index compared to the control mix. This study reveals that the combined use of GO and RM is an effective and economical approach to achieving desired properties in concrete.