The Leica DM2700P operates on the principle of polarization microscopy, using polarized light to study the optical properties of materials. The sample is illuminated with polarized light, and the interaction of the light with the mineral or material reveals information about its optical properties, such as birefringence, pleochroism, and refractive indices. By rotating the sample under the objective lenses, interference patterns (such as interference figures) are observed, providing data on crystal structures and material characteristics.