Module I:
1. Introduction to Medical Embedded Systems: Application of embedded systems in medical devices
2. Introduction to Arduino Platform and ATmega328P microcontroller, Overview of subsystems / peripherals within ATMega328P.
3. Interrupt Subsystem: Interrupt Basics, Foreground and Background Processing, ATmega328 Interrupt System.
4. Communications subsystem: Serial/Parallel Communication, Synchronous/Asynchronous Communication, USART, USB, SPI, I2C / Two-wire interface.

Module II:
5. GPIO Subsystem: Details of GPIO subsystem, GPIO Registers, Pin ‘muxing’, GPIO output stage - Push-Pull & Open Drain, Related Digital concepts (Counters, Shift Registers), ‘De-bouncing’
6. Timers: Basics – Prescalers, Types of Timers within ATmega328P, Timer Functions and Modes, PWM Generation, Application of PWM, Clock Sources in ATMega328P, Input Capture functionality, Timer Interrupts, Watchdog Timer, RTC.
7. Power Management Subsystem: Link between Power consumption and clock frequency, Different Types of Sleep Modes in ATMega328P,
8. Reset Logic within ATMega328P, Power-On-Reset, External Reset , Watchdog Timer Reset, Brown-out Reset.

Module III:
9. Memory Subsystem: Digital Concepts Related to RAM : SRAM, DRAM, Monostable/Bistable circuits, SRAM circuit and top-level design, ROM : EEPROM, Flash, ROM top-level design, Addressing Modes, Memory partitions within ATMega: Data Memory, Program Memory

Module IV:
10. Analog Circuits : Opamps: Properties of Ideal Opamp, Concepts related to feedback in opamp, Gain Bandwidth Product, Frequency Response, Phase Response, Opamp non-idealities, CMRR, Instrumentation Amplifier, Opamp Noise Calculations (Input Referred Noise, SNR, Noise Figure, THD), Impedance Matching Concepts, Filter design using Opamps, Design of Biosignal Recording Front-ends using Opamps.

Module V:
11. Analog-to-Digital Conversion: Concepts related to ADC, Quantization Noise, Errors and Non-linearities within ADC. Different Types of ADC with focus on SAR ADC. Details of ADC present with ATMega328P.
12. Programming concepts specific to Embedded Systems
13. Embedded systems design: Design of a bio-signal data acquisition system from concept to firmware and hardware.

To identify domain specific topics from embedded systems for developing biomedical products.

To provide an in-depth understanding of both hardware and software aspects of embedded systems.

To enable conceptualisation and design of medical embedded systems to meet required industrial and ethical specifications.

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Gain in-depth understanding of concepts about embedded system.
2. Address problems in biomedical devices and develop embedded systems to solve it.
3. Learn and link hardware and software concepts used in embedded systems.
4. Analyse system level requirements by understanding analogue, digital and firmware related concepts.
5. Learn about different tools for embedded systems design.

S. F. Barrett, Arduino, Microcontroller Processing for Everyone! Part I, Morgan & Claypool, Third edition , 2013

S. F. Barrett, Arduino, Microcontroller Processing for Everyone! Part II, Morgan & Claypool, Third edition , 2013

. D. J. Russell, and M. A. Thornton, Introduction to Embedded Systems: Using ANSI C and the Arduino Development Environment (Synthesis Lectures on Digital Circuits and Systems), Morgan & Claypool Publishers , 2010

C. Amariei, Arduino Development Cookbook, Packt Publishing Limited , 2015