Course Details
Subject {L-T-P / C} : ER6012 : Weather and Climate Modelling { 3-0-0 / 3}
Subject Nature : Theory
Coordinator : Prof. Krishna Kishore Osuri
Syllabus
Types of Models, Physical and analytic modelling, Overview of numerical weather prediction, Different spatial and temporal scales in NWP, Basic structure of numerical models and their applications, Basic set of equations used in mesoscale models, Map projections, Horizontal and vertical coordinate system Global models, Regional models, Mesoscale models, Hydrostatic & non-hydrostatic assumption.
Numerical methods – Finite difference method-Forward and centered finite difference methods, Semi – implicit method and computational instability Computation of Jacobian and Laplacian Solution of Helmholtz and Poisson equations using relaxation method Spectral method, spherical harmonics. initial and boundary conditions Model evaluation Examples of mesoscale models
Data assimilation: Objective analysis schemes, continuous data assimilation techniques - 3D & 4D Variational assimilation initialization. Predictability and Ensemble forecasting
Parameterizing subgridscale fluxes Averaged radiation flux divergence Parameterization of moist processes Methods of solution
Course Objectives
- Educate the students for concept of climate and role of different physics and dynamics for climate forecast.
- Numerical techniques and methods of solving equations are also discussed.
Course Outcomes
Understanding and solving the basic equations. Students are trained for different energy balance models and 3D climate models, etc. Methods to know model bias and skill are discussed.
Essential Reading
- James R. Holton, An introduction to dynamic meteorology, Academic Press , Fifth Edition, 201
- Roger A. Pielke Sr, Mesoscale meteorological modeling, Academic Press , Second Edition, 2002
Supplementary Reading
- Roland Stull, Meteorology (for scientists and engineers), Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning , Second edition, 2000
- Haltiner G.J.:, Numerical Weather Prediction, John Wiley & Sons Inc. , 1971